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Pediatric intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a common critical and severe syndrome in the field of neurologic disorders.Early and timely intervention can result in the reduction of mortality and secondary neurological side effects.Therefore, it is very important to immediately detect the ICH, enhance a comprehensive care management, appropriately opt the measures to decrease ICH as well as keep a normal cerebral blood perfusion.
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The process of globalization increases the risk of global transmission of infectious diseases,resulting in pressure for country's prevention and control of imported infectious disease.Based on the risk assessment of disease importation and local transmission,a strategy that conducting importation prevention and routine prevention and control before the importation of disease and taking emergency control measures after the importation of disease was developed.In addition,it is important to take part in global infectious disease response action,aid the countries with outbreak or epidemic to actively decrease the risk of disease importation.
ABSTRACT
The process of globalization increases the risk of global transmission of infectious diseases,resulting in pressure for country's prevention and control of imported infectious disease.Based on the risk assessment of disease importation and local transmission,a strategy that conducting importation prevention and routine prevention and control before the importation of disease and taking emergency control measures after the importation of disease was developed.In addition,it is important to take part in global infectious disease response action,aid the countries with outbreak or epidemic to actively decrease the risk of disease importation.
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Aim To investigate the effects of metformin on phospho-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(p-STAT3) expression in the spinal dorsal horn in rats with bone cancer pain(BCP).Methods Healthy female SD rats weighing 200~220 g were randomly divided into four groups(n=12 each): Sham+NS, Sham+Metformin, BCP+NS, BCP+Metformin groups.Normal saline or metformin(200 mg·kg-1) was given intraperitoneally once a day at 7~14 day after surgery in four groups.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT) was measured on-1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14 day after BCP.The L4-6 segments of spinal cords were used to detect the expression of p-STAT3 by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining technique after the behavioral test was completed on day 14.Results Intraperitoneal injection of metformin reversed hyperalgesia and suppressed the expression of p-STAT3 in BCP rats.Conclusion Metformin can attenuate BCP by inhibiting the expression of p-STAT3 in the spinal dorsal horn.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) combined with oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release tablets (OHCT) in the treatment of malignant neuropathic pain (MNP) patients.Methods Eighty MNP patients were randomly divided into two groups:OHCT group (group A,n =40) and HRW combined OHCT group (group B,n =40).The visual analog scale (VAS) score,frequency of pain outbreaks,pain relief rate,average dose of OHCT per day,and adverse reactions were observed.Results The VAS scores and frequency of pain outbreaks in groups A and B were significantly reduced after treatment (P ＜0.05).Compared to group A,the VAS scores,pain relief rate,outbreak pain and average dose of OHCT per day in group B were significantly improved after 14 and 28 days of treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and the adverse reactions,such as constipation,nausea and vomiting,in group B were significantly less than those in group A (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HRW combined with OHCT can effectively improve the MNP,and reduce average dose of OHCT per day and adverse reactions.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of prednisone acetate combined with leflunomide in the treatment of IgA nephropathy. METHODS:80 patients with IgA nephropathy were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 40 cases in each group. Control group was given prednisone acetate 1.0 mg/kg,qd,6 weeks later,decreasing gradually,decreasing to 0.5 mg/kg in 12th week;observation group was additionally given leflunomide 50 mg,qd,3 days later de-creasing to 20 mg. Both groups were given 3 months of treatment. Clinical efficacy,24 h urinary protein quantification,Scr and BUN levels were observed in 2 groups after treatment,and ADR were recorded during treatment. RESULTS:Total effective rate of observation group(95.0%)was significantly higher than that of control group(75.0%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). Af-ter treatment,24 h urinary protein quantification,Scr and BUN levels of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The incidence of ADR in observation group(0)was significantly lower than in control group(7.5%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Prednisone acetate combined with leflunomide has significant effect on IgA nephropathy,and will not increase the occurrence of ADR.
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Objective To establish a scald-induced pain model using a constant-temperature electrical scald instrument in rats.Methods Thirty-six pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =9 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), scald for 5 s group (group S5), scald for 10 s group (group S10), and scald for 15 s group (group S15).The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate.In S5, S10 and S15 groups, the plantar surface of the left hindpaw of rats were exposed to a constant-temperature electrical scald instrument (85 ℃) for 5, 10 and 15 s, respectively.The plantar surface of the left hindpaw of rats was exposed to an electrical scald instrument (room temperature) for 10 s in group C.At 1 day before treatment (T0),and 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after treatment (T1-5), the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were measured.Immediately after treatment, and at 24 h after treatment, the total body condition, wound color, and shape of the margin of the wound were observed and recorded.At 24 h after treatment, 3 rats were randomly sacrificed, and the skin from the plantar surface of the left hindpaw was removed for microscopic examination.Results Compared with group C, the thermal pain threshold at T1-2, and the mechanical pain threshold at T1-3 were significantly decreased in group S5, and the thermal pain threshold,and mechanical pain threshold were significantly decreased at T1-4 in group S10 (P＜0.05).The thermal pain threshold ＞ 25 s, and the mechanical pain threshold ＞30 g at T1-5 in group S15.The swelling in foot was bovious, burn blister appeared, and the degree of damage was aggravated in group S10 compared with S5 and S15 groups.Conclusion The scald-induced pain model is successfully established using a constant-temperature electrical scald instrument in rats.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on neuropathic pain in rats.Methods One hundred and twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group); hydrogen-rich saline group (H group); chronic constrictive injury (CCI) group; CCI + hydrogen-rich saline group (CH group).Neuropathic pain was induced by CCI.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.The left sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals.In H and CH groups,hydrogen-rich saline 10 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally twice a day for 3 consecutive days starting from 1 day after CCI.The paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation with yon Frey filament (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency to thermal stimulation (PWL) were measured on the day before CCI (T0) and on 3,5 and 7 days after CCI (T1-3).The rats were sacrificed after the last measurement of pain threshold at T4.The left lumbar segments (L4-6) of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6) and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) (by ELISA),and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities (using visible spectrophotometer).Results Compared with S group,PWT was significantly decreased,PWL was shortened,the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,HMGB1 and MDA were increased,and the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased at each time point after CCI in CCI and CH groups.Compared with CCI group,PWT was significantly increased,PWL was prolonged,the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,HMGB1 and MDA were decreased,and the activities of SOD and CAT were increased at all the time points after CCI in group CH.Conclusion Hydrogen-rich saline can alleviate neuropathic pain in rats via reducing the inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation response.